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Section: User Commands (1)
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NAME
qm, qmf - obtain quick measurements from captured data
SYNOPSIS
qm
[runfile]
qmf
[runfile] ...
DESCRIPTION
Qm,
the "quick measurement" program,
allows you to quickly leaf through the frames in a run of data
captured by one of the capture programs
(dsepr(1)),
or a run of averaged data from
analysis(1)
or
wtsum(1).
It can display several traces on screen, simultaneously.
It also allows you to obtain
time and voltage measurements at various points in the data,
using the pointing device.
If the optional argument,
runfile,
is given,
qm
will attempt to perform a
Set/File
operation on this file.
(The file must be a run file produced by one of the capture
or analysis
programs.)
If no
runfile
is specified, you will have to select one later.
Qmf
repeatedly calls
qm
for each
runfile
argument given.
Whenever you tell
qm
to quit, it will be restarted with the next
runfile,
until all files have been examined.
When you call
qmf
with no
runfile
arguments, it will call
qm
with the most recently modified run in the current directory.
At the bottom of the display,
qm
prints the following menu prompt line:
-
Clear Frame Grid Hardcopy Interp. Levels Next Prev. Quit Run Set Traces View X-range Y-range Zoom
Any time when this menu appears, and there are traces shown on
the display, you can use the pointing device to move two
markers on the display, to obtain time and voltage measurements
from the displayed data.
See
MARKER SELECTION
below for details.
(If a dashed marker appears on the display, it indicates the end
of the "usable window."
Data after this marker are likely to be invalid due to window
retriggering during the data capture.
See
dsepr(1)
for details about trigger modes.)
Selections from the menu are made via the keyboard, however,
and not via the pointing device.
An operation is initiated by typing a single letter, the first
letter of an item in the menu line.
You can also step through the menu using the space bar and the
backspace (or erase) key, to highlight the item you want, then
press RETURN to select that item.
Clear
This selection clears all of the markers on the display,
as well as their associated time and voltage measurements.
Frame
This selection allows you to
view a specific frame in the current run.
You are asked for the desired frame number, which is specified as
a number from
1
up to and including the total number of frames.
The selected frame is fetched and displayed.
It becomes the current frame;
a subsequent
Prev.
or
Next
operation will fetch and display the frame immediately preceding
or following this frame.
Even if the selected frame has been deleted by
frmsel(1),
it will still be fetched and displayed.
An indicator appears on the top line of the display when a
deleted frame is being viewed.
If a run description was provided after the run was captured, it
will appear on the second line of the display.
This line will also contain the frame description for the range
of frames in which this one falls, if any description was
provided during the capture.
When displaying a group of frames simultaneously, the frame you
specify here will be the first of the group (see
Traces
below).
A subsequent
Prev.
or
Next
operation will move backward or forward by the number of frames
displayed simultaneously.
Grid
This selection allows you to
set the
grid overlay
option.
If this option is enabled, the
traces will be drawn inside a grid.
If disabled, the grid is not displayed.
Initially, this option is disabled.
The grid spacing is automatically calculated, based on the ranges
for the X and Y axes.
When a dense grid spacing is being used, the screen redraw is
slowed down somewhat.
In this case, you may want to temporarily disable the grid, to
quickly skim through frames.
Hardcopy
This selection brings you to the plotting sub-system, which
presents you with a secondary menu.
See
PLOTTING
below.
Interp.
This selection allows you to
set the
interpolation
option.
If this option is enabled, the data points of the displayed
traces will be connected by line segments.
If disabled, only the data points are displayed.
Initially, this option is disabled.
Levels
This selection allows you to
set the
"level markers"
option.
If this option is enabled, the markers on the displayed traces
appear as a crosshairs pattern, indicating both the time values
and the associated levels.
If disabled, only the vertical lines are displayed, indicating
just the time values.
Initially, this option is enabled.
Next
This selection allows you to
skim through frames, one at a time, in a forward direction.
If you are already at the last frame in the run,
then this selection will bring you to the first frame in the
run.
When displaying a group of frames simultaneously, the
Next
operation will move forward by the number of frames
displayed (see
Traces
below).
If this brings you close to the end of the run, and there are not
as many consecutive frames as you requested for display, it will
show the frames that are there and leave the bottom part
of the display blank.
Prev.
This selection allows you to
skim through frames, one at a time, in a backward direction.
If you are already at the first frame in the run,
then this selection will bring you to the last frame in the run.
When displaying a group of frames simultaneously, the
Prev.
operation will move backward by the number of frames
displayed (see
Traces
below).
If you are already too close to the first frame to back up by
this number of frames, it will begin the display with the first frame.
If you are already at the first frame in the run,
then this selection will display the last complete group of
frames from the end of the run.
Quit
This selection
causes the program to terminate.
Run
This selection allows you to
quickly run another program on your currently selected
runfile.
You are presented a menu of programs to choose from,
including
analysis,
peel,
raster,
and
wtsum.
The program you select will be called up, with your current
runfile
as an argument.
Once you quit that program, you are returned to the main menu of
qm.
The other choice available from the
Run
menu is the
Calc
selection, which lets you perform several calculations and
operations on the frames in your currently selected
runfile.
You are asked for an expression, which is evaluated on every
trace in the run, using the frames you specify in the expression.
The resulting frame is then displayed.
See
CALCULATIONS
below for more details.
Set
This selection allows you to
set various parameters that simply couldn't fit on the main menu.
You are presented a new menu of parameters to choose from.
After you correctly set any of these,
qm
returns to the main menu.
The
Set/Adjust-traces
selection allows you to
enable or disable the automatic adjustment of trace lists to the
number of frames in the run.
When enabled, if the run being displayed is a small one (less
than 16 frames), then all frames in the run are displayed by
automatically adjusting the trace lists specified by the
Traces
operation below.
If there are more trace lists specified than there are frames,
the last few lists are ignored.
If there are less lists than frames, the last list is re-used as
many times as needed for the extra frames.
When this option is disabled, or when the run is large, the
program displays as many frames as explicitly called for in the
trace lists.
The
Set/Calc-macro
selection allows you to
set or change any macro-instruction used by the
Run/Calc
operation.
You are first prompted for the macro name.
You can enter a new macro name, or the name of an existing macro.
You can also leaf through the existing macro names by using the
"up arrow" and "down arrow" keys on the graphics terminal.
Once you enter a name, you are then prompted for the expression
for that macro.
For existing macros, the current expression is shown as the
default value.
You can enter any valid expression, as described under
CALCULATIONS
below.
The new macro is saved in your
qm calculation macro file,
.qmcalcrc,
in your home directory.
If this file does not exist yet, it is created.
The qm calculation macro file will contain definitions for all
your macros, whether predefined, or defined by yourself.
Before this file is created in your home directory, macro
definitions are obtained from, but not saved into, the
system-wide qm calculation macro file,
/usr/neuro/lib/.qmcalcrc.
The
Set/File
selection allows you to
choose a new
runfile
to be displayed.
You are prompted to enter the name of the file.
Type in this name, then hit RETURN.
The name can be given with or without the
.frm
suffix.
If the selected file exists and is readable,
qm
selects it as the current run,
and attempts to fetch and display
the current frame, or the first frame in this run.
Whether you are selecting a new run, or just reselecting the same
run, the
Set/File
operation also clears the current markers,
and resets the trace list and the X and Y ranges to
their initial values, unless parameter saving is enabled.
See
QM PARAMETER SAVING
below.
The
Set/Just-1-X
selection allows you to
choose whether an X-axis scale bar should appear under each trace
when the
X-bars
option is enabled,
or whether just one X-axis scale bar should appear under the bottom trace.
Disable this option for multiple scale bars.
The
Set/Magnify
selection allows you to
choose the Y display range for a trace, as a factor of the
original display range, calculated automatically when the run was selected.
You are asked first for the trace number.
Next, you are asked for a magnification factor.
If the the number you enter is greater than 1,
the Y range is magnified by the factor you give.
If the magnification factor is between 0 and 1 (exclusive),
the opposite occurs:
the data will shrink in proportion to the factor you give.
In either case, the data is automatically centered in the
selected range, and will continue to be automatically centered as
you go from one frame to another.
To automatically center the data, the program looks at the first
part of the trace to be displayed, up to the point where a fairly
sharp rise is detected in the signal, and centers at the average
of those initial data points.
If the magnification factor you provide is exactly
1,
then the Y range for this trace is zoomed out to the original
display range, and the automatic centering is disabled.
Also, setting the Y range for a trace by any of the other means
available will also disable automatic centering.
If you want the full display range, but want to keep automatic
centering enabled, select a magnification factor close to, but
not exactly
1,
such as
.9999.
The
Set/Next-File
selection allows you to
choose a new
runfile
to be displayed.
It does this by "incrementing" the current file name, to get the
next file in a series.
For example, if your current run is
run001,
qm
will attempt to select
run002.
If the next file exists and is readable,
qm
selects it as the current run,
and attempts to fetch and display
the current frame, or the first frame in this run,
just like the
Set/File
operation above.
The
Set/Offset
selection allows you to
shift the X-axis scale bar(s) under the traces by a specified
number of milliseconds.
The "0" on the scale bar will be shifted to the time coordinate
you specify, so a positive value indicates a shift to the right.
The
Set/Prev-File
selection allows you to
choose a new
runfile
to be displayed.
It does this by "decrementing" the current file name, to get the
previous file in a series.
For example, if your current run is
run010,
qm
will attempt to select
run009.
If the previous file exists and is readable,
qm
selects it as the current run,
and attempts to fetch and display
the current frame, or the first frame in this run,
just like the
Set/File
operation above.
The
Set/Show-times/Ahp-decay
and
Set/Show-times/Psp-rise
selections allow you to
enable or disable the measurement of AHP duration and half-decay,
and of PSP half-width and 10-90% rise time, for all displayed traces.
Once either of these options is enabled, set marker
A
to the time of onset, and marker
B
to the time of the peak.
The AHP or PSP measurements will be taken based on these marker
positions, and will be shown for each displayed trace.
The displayed
B-A
values will represent the time to peak and peak heights.
See
MARKER SELECTION
below.
The
Set/Top-titles
selection allows you to
enable or disable the display of titles at the top of the screen.
By disabling them, you gain a few extra lines on the display, but
lose some of the information.
The
Set/X-bars
selection allows you to
enable or disable the display of X-axis scale bars under each trace
(if the
Just-1-X
option is disabled),
or the single X-axis scale bar under the bottom trace
(if the
Just-1-X
option is enabled).
The
Set/Y-bars
selection allows you to
enable or disable the display of Y-axis scale bars to the left
of each trace.
Traces
This selection allows you to
choose which traces will appear on the display, and in which order
they will appear.
You are asked for the list of trace numbers.
Enter a line containing one or more trace numbers, each separated
by one comma and/or one or more blanks.
Ranges of traces can be specified by two numbers separated by a
colon or dash.
For example, entering
-
2-4, 0 6
will cause traces 2, 3, 4, 0 and 6 to be displayed, in that
order.
Non-existent traces are simply ignored.
You may also type in the word
all
to select all traces.
The trace list is automatically set back to
all
when you select a new
runfile,
unless parameter saving is enabled.
This selection also allows you to
display several frames at once.
You do this by specifying several trace lists, separated by semicolons.
Each list applies to one frame.
You can also follow any trace list with "/n" to repeat
this list for the next
n
frames.
Up to a total of 16 frames can be specified in this way.
Here are a few examples.
all; all; all
all/3
0,1/2; 3; ; 0,2/2
The first and second examples are equivalent;
they show all traces for 3 consecutive frames, starting with the
current frame.
The third example shows traces 0 and 1 for two frames, trace 3
for a third frame, nothing for the fourth frame, then traces 0
and 2 for the fifth and sixth frames (all starting with the
current frame).
Note that when several frames are displayed at once, the title
line and the frame description at the top of the display apply
to the first frame in the group shown.
For instance if the title indicates a deleted frame, it is the
first frame of the group which is a deleted frame; the following
frames may or may not be deleted.
When displaying a group of frames simultaneously,
a subsequent
Prev.
or
Next
operation will move backward or forward by the number of frames
displayed simultaneously.
If the current frame is close to the end of the run, and there are not
as many consecutive frames as you requested for display, the program will
show the frames that are there and leave the bottom part
of the display blank.
View
This selection allows you to view the run's header information and
trace calibration information, or the run's frame description file.
The
View/Calibration
selection will display the contents of the run's header,
such as the run length, number of frames, and
calibration information for each trace in the run.
The
View/Text
selection will display the contents of the run's frame
description file, if one exists.
This lets you see the descriptions for every range of frames,
which were entered during the data capture, by pausing the
capture of triggered channels after each range of frames.
Seeing these descriptions should help you choose the frames you
want to view.
X-range
This selection allows you to
clip the data displayed, on the left or right sides, in order to
zoom in on a specific section.
You are asked first for the lower bound (left cutoff point), then
for the upper bound (right cutoff point).
Both of these are specified in milliseconds.
The selected portion of the traces is redisplayed.
These parameters are set back to the full range when you select a new
runfile,
unless parameter saving is enabled.
Y-range
This selection allows you to
clip the data displayed on the top or bottom of any trace,
in order to zoom in, or to expand the range of levels shown.
You are asked first for the trace number.
Next, you are asked for the lower bound, then the upper bound for
this trace.
Both of these are specified in the units used on the trace's
scale bar, either millivolts or A/D units.
The trace is then redisplayed, using the selected range of levels.
Unless parameter saving is enabled,
when you select a new
runfile,
the program automatically sets the range of levels for every
trace, by looking at the first few and last few frames in the run.
The ranges are set to include all the data in these frames, with
a little room to spare.
However, if the data in any trace fluctuates a lot, that trace
may be clipped when other frames are viewed, unless you manually
increase the range after selecting the
runfile.
An alternate method of selecting the Y display range for a trace
is to copy the settings from another trace.
After selecting
Y-range
from the menu, instead of entering a single trace number, enter a
line of the form:
-
n=m
where
n
is the number of the trace whose Y range you want to change, and
m
is the number of the trace whose range you want to copy.
Instead of asking you for the lower and upper bounds,
qm
will simply take the settings from the second trace.
Zoom
This selection allow you to
zoom in and out on the data.
The
Zoom/In
selection lets you use the pointing device to select the X and Y
ranges to be displayed.
Use the pointing device to move the cursor to the desired
position on the screen, then press button
A
to set one corner of a "bounding box," or press button
B
to set the other corner.
Press button
D
when you are done, and the area displayed in the bounding box
will be blown up to fill the display area for the trace on which
the box was placed.
The X range selected affects all traces being displayed.
The Y range selected affects only the trace on which the
selection was made.
The
Zoom/X-out
selection sets the X range back to the full display window for
frames in the current run.
The
Zoom/Y-out
selection sets the most recently changed Y range back to the full
display range for that trace in the current run, as calculated
when the
runfile
was selected.
!command
Whenever the menu prompt line appears at the bottom of the screen,
instead of typing a letter to select a menu item,
you can type an exclamation point, followed by any UNIX command,
then hit RETURN.
A UNIX shell is invoked to interpret and execute this command.
This can be done at any level in the menu hierarchy, except from the
Zoom/In
operation's menu.
You can recall and edit the last command entered, by hitting the
"up arrow" key, or Control-K, after typing the exclamation point.
$ or %
Whenever the menu prompt line appears at the bottom of the screen,
you can also type either a dollar sign
($),
to invoke an interactive Bourne shell,
or a percent sign
(%),
to invoke an interactive C shell.
In either case, the shell will continue accepting commands until
you type a
Control-D,
to exit from the shell, and return to
qm.
MARKER SELECTION
When traces are displayed on the screen, and the
qm
menu prompt line appears at the bottom, you have the opportunity
to place markers on the displayed data.
There are two markers, marker
A
and marker
B.
They are positioned via the pointing device;
use it to move the graphics cursor to the X coordinate where you
wish to place a marker, then press button
A
or
B
(on the pointing device, not on the keyboard)
to place the corresponding marker.
They can be moved to new locations in the same way.
The markers appear on each trace displayed, as crosshairs
patterns indicating the selected X positions, and the levels (Y
positions) at those points in the trace,
or as vertical lines indicating only the X positions.
The actual numerical values for the X and Y positions are also
displayed for both markers, when they are set.
The X values appear near the top of the display, and the Y values
appear above each trace.
If both markers are set, the X and Y differences
(B-A)
are also given.
You can also use button
C
on the pointing device to place a time reference marker on the
display.
If you do so, then the numerical values for the X positions of
the A and B markers are calculated relative to this time
reference point, rather than relative to the start of the data in the trace.
After setting either of the A and B markers, or the time reference
marker, you can make fine adjustments to its position by pressing
the "less than sign" key
(<)
to move it to the left, or the "greater than sign" key
(>)
to move it to the right.
These adjustments apply only to the last marker placed with the
pointing device.
If you select a new frame, via the
Frame,
Prev.
or
Next
operations, the markers remain in their current X positions, and
the Y positions are adjusted to fit the new data.
You can remove either marker, or the reference, by setting it
to the left of the beginning of the traces.
The time reference and
both markers are removed when you select a new
runfile,
unless parameter saving is enabled.
They are also removed by the
Clear
operation.
QM PARAMETER SAVING
Qm
usually resets all of its parameters whenever it starts up, and
whenever you select a new
runfile.
However, if the environment variable
QMPARM
is set to a file name, then
qm
will save all of its parameters in that file before quitting or
before selecting a new
runfile.
It will then reload these parameters after a run is selected, and
make use of these parameters rather than returning them all to
their initial values.
The usual name used for the parameter file is
default.qm.
Before saving its parameters in the file,
qm
will ask you whether it should or not.
Among the parameters saved are the current frame number, the
current list of traces to be shown, the interpolation, grid,
and levels options, as well as several other options, and the
current marker settings and X and Y display ranges.
Qm
keeps track of whether you set the X and Y display ranges
explicitly, or whether they were set automatically to fit the
data in the run being displayed.
If you had set them explicitly, they will remained fixed at their
current settings until you change them again yourself, or you
zoom them out to their automatically scaled values.
If they had been set automatically to fit the data in the current
run, then they will be recalculated automatically when you select
a new run, so that they fit the new data.
CALCULATIONS
The expressions you can enter to perform calculations and
operations on frames, using the
Run/Calc
and
Set/Calc-macro
selections, are composed by putting together simple operators
using an algebraic notation.
For example, the expression "F6 = F2-F1" will subtract
frame 1 from frame 2, and assign the difference to frame 6.
Expressions are formed by combining simpler expressions with one
of the operators below.
An expression can also be a
number,
either a whole number or a real number
(e.g.
1,
0.0,
.2,
1.5e-2).
For instance, the expression "F6", which means "frame
number 6 in the current run", is made up of the operator
"F", and the expression "6".
The operators are listed below.
In this table,
expr
represents any valid expression.
- A or B or C
-
the values of marker A, marker B, or the time reference marker,
given as a number of points from the start of the frame.
- N expr
-
the numeric variable selected by the integer
expr
(0 to 19).
These twenty numeric variables can be used as temporary holding
areas for results.
- F expr
-
the frame selected by the integer
expr
(1 to
n,
where
n
is the number of frames in the run).
You can also assign to frame
n+1
to add a new frame to the run.
- $ expr
-
the macro's parameter selected by the integer
expr
(1 to
n,
where
n
is the number of parameters passed to the macro).
- ( expr )
-
the value of
expr.
Parentheses override operator precedence.
expr [ expr ,
expr ] or
- expr [ expr ]
-
the first
expr
(a frame or sub-frame), subscripted by the other
expr(s),
to yield a sub-frame.
If the second subscript is left off, the end of the frame is
assumed.
To get a single point, the same subscript must be given twice.
(e.g.
F6[A,A])
- D expr
-
the
expr
(a frame or sub-frame), differentiated.
- I expr
-
the
expr
(a frame or sub-frame), integrated.
- S expr
-
the
expr
(a frame or sub-frame), smoothed.
The smoothing algorithm used is a
simple three-point moving average.
- - expr
-
unary minus, yields the
expr
negated.
- *@ expr
-
unary reduction by multiplication, yields the product of the points in the
expr
(a frame or sub-frame).
- /@ expr
-
unary reduction by division.
- +@ expr
-
unary reduction by addition, yields the sum of the points in the
expr
(a frame or sub-frame).
- -@ expr
-
unary reduction by subtraction, yields an alternating sum.
- m@ expr
-
unary reduction yielding the minimum point in the
expr
(a frame or sub-frame).
- M@ expr
-
unary reduction yielding the maximum point.
- expr * expr
-
multiply the two
exprs.
- expr / expr
-
divide the first
expr
by the second.
- expr + expr
-
add the two
exprs.
- expr - expr
-
subtract the second
expr
from the first.
- expr L expr
-
shift the first
expr
(a frame or sub-frame) left by the number of points specified by the second
expr
(an integer).
- expr R expr
-
shift the first
expr
right by the number of points specified by the second.
- expr Z expr
-
low-pass filter the first
expr
(a frame or sub-frame) at the cutoff frequency specified by the second
expr
(in Hertz).
The filtering algorithm used is a
"Second-order, zero-lag Butterworth filter,"
which filters in two passes to eliminate phase-shift distortion.
The cutoff frequency is limited to 2/5 of each trace's sampling rate,
to avoid ringing.
- expr m expr
-
the smaller of the two
exprs.
- expr M expr
-
the larger of the two
exprs.
- expr = expr
-
the first
expr
(a frame or sub-frame, or a numeric variable)
is assigned the value of the second
expr.
- expr ; expr
-
separates multiple operations in one expression.
The first
expr
is performed, then the second.
(Yields the value of the second
expr.)
X name expr , expr , ... or
X name expr or
- X name
-
execute the macro of the given
name,
with as many arguments as it needs.
Multiple arguments must be separated by commas.
Expressions can, in some instances, mix single numbers and frames.
For example, you can multiply a frame by a scaling factor, or
assign a number to a frame.
The operators above can be entered as either upper- or lower-case
letters, with the exception of
m
and
M,
which are distinct operators.
Macro names can be one or more letters, and are case sensitive.
(e.g. "fred", "Fred" and "FRED" are three distinct macro names.)
When combining several operators in an expression, bear in mind
that some operators take precedence over others, and that the
expression will not necessarily be evaluated strictly from left
to right.
You can use parentheses to force a low-precedence operator to be
evaluated before a higher precedence operator.
The operator precedences are as follows, from highest to lowest,
with equal precedences on the same line.
-
( expr ) highest precedence
F, N, $
subscripting
unary
-, D,
I, S,
*@, /@,
+@, -@,
m@, M@
*, /
+, -
L, R
m, M
=
,
X
; lowest precedence
The reduction operators above yield a
scalar
value (a single number) from a
vector
(an array of numbers, i.e. a frame or sub-frame).
For example, in the expression
"F6 = F1 - (+@F1[A,B]) / (B+1-A)",
the points in frame 1, from A to B inclusive, are added up.
The resulting sum is divided by the number of points to get the
mean level in the range, and the mean is subtracted from frame 1
and assigned to frame 6.
Thus frame 6 is equal to frame 1 shifted vertically such that the
range between A and B is zero.
Reduction operators are used in several of the pre-defined macros
listed below.
There are five pre-defined macros that are built-in to
qm,
and cannot be changed.
- Xdiv
-
The
div
macro, called as
Xdiv,
gives the sample rate divisor of the trace
for which the given expression is currently being evaluated.
- Xend
-
The
end
macro gives the index of the last point in the trace
for which the given expression is currently being evaluated.
- Xsamprate
-
The
samprate
macro gives the sample rate for the current run, in Hz.
- Xadpermv
-
The
adpermv
macro gives the calibration scaling factor of the trace
for which the given expression is currently being evaluated,
as A/D units per mV.
- Xzeroad
-
The
zeroad
macro gives the calibration offset of the trace
for which the given expression is currently being evaluated,
as the A/D unit level for 0 Volts.
The following pre-defined macros are not built-in, but are simply
defined in your
.qmcalcrc
file, and can be changed.
Their initial definitions are obtained from
/usr/neuro/lib/.qmcalcrc.
They offer a convenient short-hand for some slightly more complex
expressions.
- Xmb n
-
finds the minimum point in frame
n
before marker A.
(Defined as "m@F$1[0,A]".)
- Xma n
-
finds the minimum point in frame
n
after marker A.
(Defined as "m@F$1[A]".)
- XMb n
-
finds the maximum point in frame
n
before marker A.
(Defined as "M@F$1[0,A]".)
- XMa n
-
finds the maximum point in frame
n
after marker A.
(Defined as "M@F$1[A]".)
- Xi n
-
integrates frame
n
between marker A and marker B.
(Defined as "F$1[A,B] = I F$1[A,B]".)
- Xd n
-
differentiates frame
n
between marker A and marker B.
(Defined as "F$1[A,B] = D F$1[A,B]".)
- Xs n
-
smoothes frame
n
between marker A and marker B.
(Defined as "F$1[A,B] = S F$1[A,B]".)
- Xa n
-
adjusts frame
n
such that the level at marker A is zero.
(Defined as "F$1 = F$1 - F$1[A,A]".)
- XA n
-
adjusts frame
n
such that the average level at the first four points is zero.
(Defined as "F$1 = F$1 - (+@F$1[0,3]) / 4".)
- Xn n,m
-
normalises frame
n
such that the displacement from zero at marker A is equal to the
displacement from zero in frame
m
at marker B.
(Defined as "F$1 = F$1 * (+@F$2[B,B] / +@F$1[A,A])".)
ONLINE HELP
Typing a question mark,
(?),
while either the
Run/Calc
or
Set/Calc-macro
menu items is highlighted,
will cause the program to show a "help page"
describing the operations and macros that can be performed.
(This must be done at the menu, not at the prompts you get by actually
making these selections from the menu.)
The
program will pause after each screen-full, waiting for you to hit a key.
Hitting the ESCAPE
key will get you out of the help facility, and back to the main menu.
Any other key will cause the help page to continue being displayed.
Once the text has been displayed, the program leaves you at the
same menu item where you called up the help facility.
PLOTTING
The
Hardcopy
selection is used to produce a plot
similar to what is currently displayed on the screen.
A new menu is presented, allowing you to change certain
plotting parameters.
The choices are:
-
Axes Data File Interpolation Markers Plotter Quit Screen Text Video
Selections are made by typing the first letter of an item in this menu.
Axes, Data, and Markers
These selections allow you to
change the pen numbers used to plot axes, data points, and markers,
respectively.
You will be prompted to enter a pen number,
an integer from
0 to 8.
The three pen numbers are initially set to
1.
Selecting pen number 0 suppresses plotting of those items.
File
This selection allows you to store the HPGL commands used
to plot the graph in a file.
You will then be able to plot this graph, at a later time, by invoking
hardcopy(1).
You will be prompted to enter the file name.
If you enter a file name, the graph will be stored in this file.
If the file already existed, it will be overwritten.
Interpolation
This selection allows you to change the plot interpolation
option.
If this option is enabled, the data points of the plotted graph
will be connected by line segments.
If disabled, only the data points are plotted.
This is similar to the
Interp.
option for the screen
display, but is maintained as a separate option because it is
common to want interpolation enabled for plotting, but not for
the screen display.
Plotting with interpolation enabled
allows the plotter to work much faster,
with less wear on the pen.
Plotter
This selection allows you to
plot the graph directly to the plotter.
The
hardcopy
program is invoked
to plot the displayed graph.
Before beginning this operation, make sure the plotter is powered up,
on-line, and that a clean sheet of paper has been loaded.
Also make sure the plotter's
autoload
option is enabled.
Quit
This selection returns you to the previously displayed menu.
Screen
This selection allows you to change the screen redraw option.
If this option is enabled, the graph will be redrawn on the
screen while it is being sent to the file or the spooler.
If disabled, the current contents of the screen will remain,
while the plot is generated.
Text
This selection allows you to change the plot text option.
If this option is disabled, the generated plot will not contain
any text; all titles and labels will be stripped from it,
leaving only the axes, tick marks, data points, etc.
This is useful when the plot is reduced in size to the point
where the text would be illegible.
If enabled, the generated graph will be complete with all titles
and labels.
Video
This selection does not affect the pen plotter, but instead
produces a printed copy of the video display's current contents
- a screen dump -
by invoking
sdump(1).
The same thing can be accomplished by pressing the
quit
key, normally
Control-B.
The
Hardcopy/Video
operation has the advantage that it can be used even when
the program
is reading its commands from a file, rather than the terminal.
Also, the
Hardcopy/Video
operation clears the menu area before performing the screen dump.
OPTIONS
Normally, the only command line option given to
qm
is the name of the run to be viewed.
The command,
"qm -dispmenus",
will cause
qm
to print a listing of its hierarchy of menus,
to the standard output, then quit.
In this mode, the graphics terminal is not required.
X WINDOW SUPPORT
When the X Window version of this program is run on an X Window terminal,
a new window will be shown for
displaying program output.
Unless the input was redirected from a file, it will be taken from the
keyboard when this window is the "input focus", i.e. the active window.
When running this way, it is essentially detached from the
xterm
window from which you run the command, and it can be run in the background.
As for most other X Window programs in this package,
the following X command line options are accepted:
- -cursor num
-
You can specify any cursor number (not cursor names)
in the Standard Cursor Symbols
described in the
X Window System User's Guide
using the
-cursor
or
-curs
option.
The default value is 68, the left pointer symbol.
This can also be specified using the
CURSOR
environment variable.
- -display [host]:server[.screen]
-
By default, the host, server and screen, which identify your X terminal,
are obtained from the environment variable
DISPLAY.
However, you can also specify them using the
-display
or
-disp
option.
The
host
is the name of the machine or terminal, on which the window is to be created,
server
is the server number, and
screen
is the screen number (default is 0).
- -fn font
-
You can specify any fixed-width font to be used for text display
using the
-fn
or
-font
option.
The default value is
9x15
if the window is at least 900 pixels wide initially,
and
fixed
otherwise.
This can also be specified using the
SCRFONT
environment variable.
- -geometry geometry
-
By default, the program will create a window that covers most of the display.
However, you can specify custom window dimensions and location using the
-geometry
or
-geom
option.
The format of the
geometry
string is described in the
X Window System User's Guide.
This can also be specified using the
GEOMETRY
environment variable.
- -iconic
-
This option will cause the program to start up in an iconified state,
which can be reactivated by double-clicking on the icon.
- -rev
-
This option will cause the program to
use reverse video in its display window.
- -title name
-
This option will change the name
shown on the window's title bar, which is usually just the program name.
It can also be given as
-name
name.
NOTES
Qm
should be run from a graphics terminal,
or X terminal,
in order to view data traces.
It can be run from other types of terminals, to plot out traces,
but no traces will be displayed on screen.
FILES
*.frm the frame file (or runfile)
*.txt the run description
*.frd the frame descriptions
default.qm usual name for qm parameter file
/usr/neuro/lib/.qmcalcrc system-wide qm calculation macro file
/usr/neuro/lib/qm.hlp help file
$HOME/.qmcalcrc user's qm calculation macro file
SEE ALSO
calibrate(1), cap(1), dsepr(1), frmsel(1), analysis(1),
peel(1), raster(1), wtsum(1),
hardcopy(1), sdump(1)
Index
- NAME
-
- SYNOPSIS
-
- DESCRIPTION
-
- Clear
-
- Frame
-
- Grid
-
- Hardcopy
-
- Interp.
-
- Levels
-
- Next
-
- Prev.
-
- Quit
-
- Run
-
- Set
-
- Traces
-
- View
-
- X-range
-
- Y-range
-
- Zoom
-
- !command
-
- $ or %
-
- MARKER SELECTION
-
- QM PARAMETER SAVING
-
- CALCULATIONS
-
- ONLINE HELP
-
- PLOTTING
-
- Axes, Data, and Markers
-
- File
-
- Interpolation
-
- Plotter
-
- Quit
-
- Screen
-
- Text
-
- Video
-
- OPTIONS
-
- X WINDOW SUPPORT
-
- NOTES
-
- FILES
-
- SEE ALSO
-
This document was created by
man2html,
using the manual pages.
Time: 17:58:06 GMT, February 20, 2019
Copyright © G. R. Detillieux,
Spinal Cord Research Centre,
The University of Manitoba.